Osteoporosis is a condition that results in weakened bones, making them more susceptible to fractures. Individuals with osteoporosis can experience bone fractures from minor incidents, such as a fall at home.
Fractures, particularly of the hip and spine, can be severe. These fractures may result in significant loss of mobility and independence, sometimes necessitating long-term care in a nursing facility. This highlights the importance of preventive measures to avoid fractures.
What Is Osteopenia?
Osteopenia refers to having low bone mineral density, which is also called "low bone mass." While people with osteopenia face a lower risk of fractures compared to those with osteoporosis, their bone density is still below the normal range.
How to Determine If You Have Osteoporosis or Low Bone Mass
Osteoporosis typically goes unnoticed until a fracture occurs. However, a doctor or nurse can conduct a bone mineral density test, known as the DXA test, which is a specialized type of X-ray.
Experts recommend that women over the age of 65 undergo DXA testing, as they are at the highest risk for osteoporosis. Nevertheless, other individuals may also benefit from this test based on their risk factors. Consulting with your healthcare provider will help determine if you need the test.
Sometimes, osteoporosis is discovered after a person suffers a fracture from a minor fall or impact, known as a "fragility fracture." Healthy bones usually do not break this easily, so a fragility fracture indicates a higher risk of future fractures.
Tips for Maintaining Bone Health
To promote healthy bones, consider these lifestyle changes:
Eat foods rich in calcium, such as dairy products and leafy green vegetables.
Include vitamin D-rich foods in your diet, such as fortified milk and ocean fish.
Supplement with calcium and vitamin D if dietary intake is insufficient.
Engage in physical activity for at least 30 minutes on most days of the week.
Avoid smoking.
Limit alcohol intake to one or two drinks per day.
For those with low bone mass but not osteoporosis, these lifestyle adjustments can often be sufficient for bone health maintenance.
Preventing Fractures
Preventing falls is a key step in reducing fracture risk. Here are practical tips:
Use non-slip mats or rugs.
Keep electrical cords tucked away to prevent tripping.
Ensure walkways are well-lit.
Be cautious of wet or slippery surfaces.
Choose sturdy, comfortable footwear with non-slip soles.
Have regular eye exams.
Discuss with your doctor or nurse if any of your medications may cause dizziness or increase your fall risk.
Treatment Options for Osteoporosis
There are effective treatments for osteoporosis, including medications that can lower the risk of fractures. Bisphosphonates are often the first choice, but if these are not suitable or cause significant side effects, other treatments are available.
In some cases, individuals with osteopenia may also be advised to take medication, depending on their risk of fractures. Your doctor will help you decide if treatment is right for you.
Monitoring Treatment Effectiveness
Doctors use DXA scans to monitor the effectiveness of osteoporosis treatments. These are the same tests used for initial diagnosis. In some situations, blood or urine tests may also be recommended to track progress.
留言